For several decades, much of the focus on body image disorders has centered on women. 1, 2 Societal pressures ranging from media advertisement campaigns to sports icons often dictate the way an “ideal” body should look. In the future, authors should continue to properly measure and document the incidence of muscle dysmorphia in athletic populations, both during and after participation.īody image disorders such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) have been well documented in the clinical literature. Health care professionals need to become more familiar with the common signs and symptoms of muscle dysmorphia, as well as the treatment and referral options, in order to assist in providing appropriate care.
Athletes are particularly susceptible to developing body image disorders because of the pressures surrounding sport performance and societal trends promoting muscularity and leanness. Pressure on males to appear more muscular and lean has prompted a trend in the area of psychobehavioral disorders often likened to anorexia and bulimia nervosa. The causes of muscle dysmorphia are not well understood, which reinforces the need for continued investigation.Ĭonclusions: Muscle dysmorphia is an emerging phenomenon in society. Not only do patients see themselves as healthy, most look very healthy from an outward perspective. The primary issue is identifying the disorder, because it does not present like other psychobehavioral conditions such as anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Although treatment options are limited, therapy and medication do work. All years from 1985 to the present were searched for the terms muscle dysmorphia, bigorexia, and reverse anorexia.ĭata Synthesis: The incidence of muscle dysmorphia is increasing, both in the United States and in other regions of the world, perhaps because awareness and recognition of the condition have increased.
Objective: To present the reader with various psychobehavioral characteristics of muscle dysmorphia, discuss recognition of the disorder, and describe treatment and referral options.ĭata Sources: We conducted a comprehensive review of the relevant literature in CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORT Discus, EBSCO, PsycINFO, and PubMed.
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